What happens when you type holbertonschool.com in your browser and press Enter
The image show the client (layer8) as who he in the terminal session (ex: windows10) open a navigator (browser) for get informartion about the site holbertonschool.com, the client type URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and press the key Enter… to be continue the process continue in background until receive the response and this is read and render in your navigator as HTML.
In the request from client travels for any nodes, which you show in the introduce image, the image is only example the phisical architecture when the request use the tcp protocol to hold the conexion and synchronize between diferent devices until close the conexión or get all packets
DNS request
This is very important, because the terminal and router get the firts localization, the Servers DNS deliver the IP, this data is for create sessión and save your trace to solve other request and avoid try other times to resolve the domain.
TCP/IP
Transmission control protocol (TCP) is a network communication protocol designed to send data packets over the Internet.
Firewall
Firewalls carefully analyze incoming traffic based on pre-established rules and filter traffic coming from unsecured or suspicious sources to prevent attacks.
In the introduce image not is visible, this is intentional, because exists physical and logical programs with high privileges
In this case exists in all nodes in datacenter, ex: load balancer, web servers, database servers.
You can use UFW application that allow filter and set pool rules to connect with you devices.
HTTPS/SSL
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. A type of digital security that allows encrypted communication between a website and a web browser. The technology is currently deprecated and has been replaced entirely by TLS.
TLS stands for Transport Layer Security and it ensures data privacy the same way that SSL does. Since SSL is actually no longer used, this is the correct term that people should start using.
HTTPS is a secure extension of HTTP. Websites that install and configure an SSL/TLS certificate can use the HTTPS protocol to establish a secure connection with the server.
The goal of SSL/TLS is to make it safe and secure to transmit sensitive information including personal data, payment or login information.
Load-balancer
The choose solution is HAProxy(High Availability Proxy) is an open-source load-balancer which can load balance any TCP service. HAProxy is a free, very fast and reliable solution that offers load-balancing, high-availability, and proxying for TCP and HTTP-based applications. It is particularly well suited for very high traffic web sites
Web server
The choose solution is Nginx is an open source HTTP Web server and reverse proxy server. Pronounced as “Engine-Ex,” Nginx has emerged as the third most popular Web server behind the Apache Web server and Microsoft’s IIS, and it currently powers popular websites like Pinterest, WordPress.com, Netflix, Hulu, CloudFlare, Zappos and Zynga.
In addition to offering HTTP server capabilities, Nginx can also operate as an IMAP/POP3 mail proxy server as well as function as a load balancer and HTTP cache server. Nginx can run on Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX and BSD variants.
Application server
In this example is onle say Web Application Container, The app use the Flask web application, with all data model of the Database.
It is designed to make getting started quick and easy, with the ability to scale up to complex applications.
Not enforce any dependencies or project layout. It is up to the developer to choose the tools and libraries they want to use.
Database
Software developers and Engineers use databases to store data. We use SQL Queries to fetch and manipulate data
Object Relational Mapping:
Object-Relational Mapping is a technique that lets you query and manipulates data from a database using an object-oriented paradigm. ORM loves objects as much as developers, and is available for any programming languagee of your choosing.
